Question 1

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are highly efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Their biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume, and they lack mitochondria, so they do not consume the oxygen they transport.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity, which can lead to sluggish blood flow and a higher risk of clotting.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person at high altitude experiences increased erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. What is the primary stimulus for this response?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is degraded to bilirubin, which is secreted in bile and eventually excreted as stercobilin in feces.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 7

A patient with a vitamin K deficiency is likely to experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of several clotting factors, leading to increased bleeding risk.

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and is primarily responsible for phagocytizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

A patient is found to have a high reticulocyte count. What does this indicate about their erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

There is an increased rate of red blood cell production.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It digests fibrin and dissolves clots during fibrinolysis.

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops anemia. Which mechanism best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased production of erythropoietin by the kidneys.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a carrier for hormones and contributes to osmotic pressure.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

The extrinsic pathway is faster because it bypasses several steps of the intrinsic pathway.

Question 14

A patient with a parasitic worm infection is likely to have an elevated count of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why blood doping can be dangerous for athletes?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood viscosity, raising the risk of clotting, stroke, or heart failure.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are crucial to immunity, with T cells attacking infected cells and B cells producing antibodies.

Question 18

A patient is given a transfusion of normal saline after losing blood in an accident. Why is this treatment effective in the short term?

Accepted Answer

It restores blood volume and maintains circulation until RBCs can be replaced.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of thrombopoietin?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes.

ch 17 Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis – Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions