Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between plasma and serum in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, while serum does not.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of albumin. Which of the following physiological effects is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Decreased osmotic pressure in blood vessels, leading to edema.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins?

Accepted Answer

Carrying oxygen to tissues.

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged and separates into three layers. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

The buffy coat (middle layer)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes lack mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the consumption of oxygen they transport.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis during erythropoiesis

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \xrightarrow{carbonic\ anhydrase} H_2CO_3}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 9

A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to develop anemia primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The kidneys produce less erythropoietin.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of events that stops bleeding, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm $$\rightarrow$$ Platelet plug formation $$\rightarrow$$ Coagulation

Question 12

A patient with a low neutrophil count is most at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are primarily responsible for adaptive immune responses.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about platelets is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes.

Question 15

A patient is found to have a deficiency in antithrombin III. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of abnormal blood clot formation (thrombosis)

Question 16

Which of the following best distinguishes between hemostasis and coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Hemostasis is the overall process of stopping bleeding, while coagulation is the specific step involving the formation of a fibrin clot.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a person with liver failure may have difficulty forming blood clots?

Accepted Answer

The liver produces most of the clotting factors required for coagulation.

Question 18

A patient with type O blood receives type A blood in a transfusion. Which of the following reactions is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of the transfused red blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group after hemoglobin is broken down in the spleen?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to bilirubin and transported to the liver.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with a deficiency in vitamin K may experience excessive bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of several clotting factors.

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis – Study Guide

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