Question 1

Which of the following best describes the major components of blood?

Accepted Answer

Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal a low erythrocyte count. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoiesis

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

During oxygen transport, which molecule binds oxygen in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$Hb + 4O_2 \rightarrow Hb(O_2$)_4$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a symptom of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue

Question 7

Compare and contrast granulocytes and agranulocytes. Which of the following is a granulocyte?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most prevalent in a normal blood smear?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 9

Platelets are derived from which precursor cell?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocyte

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form the initial plug at the site of vessel injury

Question 11

Which equation represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during clot formation?

Accepted Answer

$$Fibrinogen \xrightarrow{Thrombin} Fibrin$$

Question 12

A patient with a vitamin K deficiency is likely to have problems with which process?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the positive feedback loop in platelet activation?

Accepted Answer

Activated platelets release chemicals that recruit more platelets to the site of injury

Question 14

Which process describes the breakdown and removal of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Thrombolysis

Question 15

Which antigen is present on the surface of erythrocytes in blood type A?

Accepted Answer

A antigen

Question 16

A person with blood type O negative is considered a universal donor. Which antibodies are present in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

Anti-A and anti-B

Question 17

Which equation represents the agglutination reaction when incompatible blood types are mixed?

Accepted Answer

$$Antigen + Antibody \rightarrow Agglutination$$

Question 18

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

Accepted Answer

AB positive

Question 19

If a patient with type B blood receives type A blood, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of donor erythrocytes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between anti-Rh and anti-A/anti-B antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Rh antibodies are produced only after exposure to Rh antigen, while anti-A/anti-B antibodies are naturally present

Blood: Structure, Function, and Hemostasis – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions