Q: Which equation correctly calculates hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given packed cell volume ($$PCV) $$and total blood volume ($$TBV$$)?

$$Hct = \frac{PCV}{TBV} \times 100$$

Q: Which equation represents the calculation of plasma volume ($$PV) if $$total blood volume ($$TBV) $$and hematocrit ($$Hct) $$are known?

$$PV = TBV \times (1 - \frac{Hct}{100})$$

Question 1

Which formed element is most abundant in human blood and is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Question 2

A blood smear reveals a high percentage of cells with a multilobed nucleus and pale granules. Which cell type is most likely being observed, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils; phagocytosis of bacteria

Question 3

Which plasma component is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances such as hormones and drugs?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient’s hematocrit is measured at 60%. Which condition does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 5

During a blood typing test, agglutination occurs with anti-A and anti-Rh sera, but not with anti-B. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

A+

Question 6

Which equation correctly calculates hematocrit ($$Hct) $$given packed cell volume ($$PCV) $$and total blood volume ($$TBV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{PCV}{TBV} 	imes 100$$

Question 7

Which abnormal blood count is defined as a decrease in the number of white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Leukopenia

Question 8

A patient presents with excessive bleeding and a blood test reveals a platelet count of 80,000/μL (normal: 150,000–400,000/μL). Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Thrombopenia

Question 9

Which formed element is involved in allergic reactions and releases histamine?

Accepted Answer

Basophils

Question 10

A patient with chronic fatigue and pale skin is found to have a low erythrocyte count. Which condition does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 11

Which cell type is the largest of the formed elements and differentiates into macrophages in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Monocytes

Question 12

If a person with blood type O- receives blood from a donor with blood type A+, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination due to anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 13

Which formed element is responsible for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Question 14

Which abnormal blood count is characterized by an excessive number of white blood cells, often due to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 15

Which plasma protein is essential for blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 16

A blood smear shows an increased number of cells with bilobed nuclei and red-orange granules. Which cell type is most likely elevated, and what condition might this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils; parasitic infection or allergy

Question 17

Which equation represents the calculation of plasma volume ($$PV) if $$total blood volume ($$TBV) $$and hematocrit ($$Hct) $$are known?

Accepted Answer

$$PV = TBV 	imes (1 - \frac{Hct}{100})$$

Question 18

Which formed element is most involved in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 19

A patient’s blood test shows a white blood cell count of 15,000/μL (normal: 4,000–11,000/μL). Which condition does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the physical characteristics of plasma?

Accepted Answer

Clear, straw-colored fluid composed mostly of water, proteins, electrolytes, and waste products

Blood: Structure, Function, and Laboratory Analysis

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