Q: A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. Calculate their mean arterial pressure (MAP) using the formula $$\text{MAP} = \text{Diastolic} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{Systolic} - \text{Diastolic}). $$What is the MAP?

$$\text{MAP} = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33$$ mmHg

Q: If hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary is 35 mmHg and colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg, what is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at this end? Use $$\text{NFP} = \text{Hydrostatic Pressure} - \text{Colloid Osmotic Pressure}.$$

$$\text{NFP} = 35 - 25 = 10$$ mmHg

Question 1

Which vessel type is most suited to withstand the highest blood pressure, and what structural feature enables this?

Accepted Answer

Elastic arteries, because of their abundant elastic fibers in the tunica media

Question 2

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. Calculate their mean arterial pressure (MAP) using the formula $$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{Diastolic} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{Systolic} - 	ext{Diastolic}). $$What is the MAP?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33$$ mmHg

Question 3

Which of the following would most effectively increase peripheral resistance and thus raise blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increasing vessel length

Question 4

During vigorous exercise, which mechanism is primarily responsible for increasing venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle pump

Question 5

Which vessel tunic is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and is responsible for vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 6

A patient with chronic hypertension is prescribed a medication that increases urine output. Which mechanism is this medication targeting to lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Long-term renal regulation by decreasing blood volume

Question 7

Which capillary type is most permeable and allows passage of large proteins and cells, such as in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 8

If hydrostatic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary is 35 mmHg and colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mmHg, what is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at this end? Use $$	ext{NFP} = 	ext{Hydrostatic Pressure} - 	ext{Colloid Osmotic Pressure}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NFP} = 35 - 25 = 10$$ mmHg

Question 9

Which hormone lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 10

A patient with a deficiency in albumin is likely to develop edema because:

Accepted Answer

Albumin decreases colloid osmotic pressure, reducing water reabsorption into capillaries

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids venous return?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

After centrifugation, which layer of blood contains most of the white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 13

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 14

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely deficient in which substance?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 15

Which leukocyte is most abundant and acts as the primary phagocyte in acute bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 16

Order the steps of hemostasis correctly:

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug → Coagulation

Question 17

Which ion is essential for the coagulation cascade and is targeted by some anticoagulants?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$Ca^{2+})$$

Question 18

A person with blood type O negative ($$O^-) $$can safely donate blood to which of the following recipients?

Accepted Answer

AB positive ($$AB^+)$$

Question 19

Which process dissolves a blood clot after healing, and what enzyme is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinolysis by plasmin

Question 20

A patient presents with a thrombus in a deep vein. If this clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, it is now called:

Accepted Answer

An embolus

Blood Vessels & Blood: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology II

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards