Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary functional difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries transport blood under higher pressure and have thicker tunica media compared to veins.

Question 2

A patient has a blood pressure of 120 mmHg in the arterioles entering a capillary bed and 20 mmHg in the venules leaving the bed. If the resistance ($$R) in $$the capillary bed is 10 mmHg·min/L, what is the blood flow ($$F) $$through the capillary bed? Use the formula $$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{120 - 20}{10} = 10 L/$$min

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the role of albumins in capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Albumins maintain blood colloid osmotic pressure, opposing filtration and promoting reabsorption.

Question 5

A capillary has a hydrostatic pressure of 35 mmHg at the arterial end and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mmHg. The interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure is 0 mmHg and the interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure is 2 mmHg. What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end? Use the formula $$NFP = (CHP - IHP) - (BCOP - ICOP).$$

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (35 - 0) - (25 - 2) = 12$$ mmHg

Question 6

Which type of capillary is most permeable and found in the liver and bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillary

Question 7

If a blood vessel is cut and blood is spurting out in pulses, which type of vessel is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

An artery, because arteries carry blood under high pressure from the heart.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the three layers of a typical blood vessel wall from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 9

Which of the following arteries is classified as an elastic artery?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Question 10

A patient is experiencing edema due to decreased plasma protein concentration. Which pressure is most directly affected, and how does this lead to edema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure, reducing reabsorption and causing fluid accumulation in tissues.

Question 11

Which vessel immediately follows the brachial artery in the pathway of blood flow to the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Radial artery

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of arterioles in regulating tissue perfusion?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles constrict or dilate to regulate blood flow into capillary beds, controlling tissue perfusion.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to veins compared to arteries?

Accepted Answer

Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Question 14

A patient has a capillary hydrostatic pressure of 18 mmHg, a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mmHg, an interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure of 1 mmHg, and an interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure of 3 mmHg at the venous end of a capillary. Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the venous end using $$NFP = (CHP - IHP) - (BCOP - ICOP).$$

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (18 - 1) - (25 - 3) = 17 - 22 = -5$$ mmHg

Question 15

Which type of artery is primarily responsible for distributing blood to specific organs and has a thick tunica media with more smooth muscle than elastic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Muscular artery

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios would most likely increase resistance ($$R) $$and decrease blood flow ($$F) in a $$vessel, according to $$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$?

Accepted Answer

Increasing vessel length

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of fenestrated capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They have pores that increase permeability, found in kidneys and endocrine glands.

Question 18

A patient is given a drug that blocks the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is the most likely effect on blood pressure and why?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure will decrease because less water is reabsorbed, reducing blood volume.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow from the left ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → right atrium

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why capillaries are the primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have thin walls and a large surface area, allowing efficient exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Blood Vessels and Circulation: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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