Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary factor regulating blood pressure in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity

Question 2

A patient presents with sustained elevated arterial pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. Which condition does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypertension

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the adrenal gland and increases cardiac output and vasoconstriction, thereby raising blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 4

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases dramatically. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for this redistribution?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic (local) control via arteriolar dilation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the effect of angiotensin II on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates aldosterone secretion, increases ADH release, triggers thirst, and causes vasoconstriction.

Question 6

A patient with kidney disease develops secondary hypertension. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Obstruction of renal arteries leading to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 7

Which pressure is responsible for forcing fluids out of capillary walls at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure ($$HP_c)$$

Question 8

Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary bed given the following values: $$HP_c = 35 mm Hg$$, $$HP_{if} = 0 mm Hg$$, $$OP_c = 26 mm Hg$$, $$OP_{if} = 1 mm Hg. $$Use the formula $$NFP = (HP_c + OP_{if}) - (HP_{if} + OP_c).$$

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (35 + 1) - (0 + 26) = 10 mm Hg$

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

Increase in outward hydrostatic pressure or decrease in inward osmotic pressure

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood volume by antagonizing aldosterone.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in short-term blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in blood pressure and adjust vessel diameter via the medulla.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding long-term renal regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys regulate arterial blood pressure by altering blood volume.

Question 13

A patient loses a large amount of blood due to trauma. Which type of circulatory shock is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Hypovolemic shock

Question 14

Which of the following statements about hypertension is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Primary hypertension has no identifiable underlying cause and is influenced by factors such as heredity and diet.

Question 15

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the slow, intermittent flow of blood through capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Vasomotion

Question 16

During stress, which higher brain center is responsible for increasing arterial blood pressure via relays to the medulla?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely occur if blood pressure to the brain is too low?

Accepted Answer

Loss of consciousness due to inadequate perfusion

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of chemoreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

Detect increases in $$CO_2 or $$drops in pH/$$O_2$$ and signal the cardioacceleratory and vasomotor centers

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the direct renal mechanism for blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

It alters blood volume independently of hormones by adjusting urine output.

Blood Vessels: Regulation of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow

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