Question 1

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for regulating vessel diameter and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 2

A patient presents with atherosclerosis, which primarily affects which layer of the artery wall?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why veins have a larger lumen and thinner walls compared to arteries?

Accepted Answer

Veins transport blood at lower pressure and need to accommodate larger volumes

Question 4

Which structure within the tunica externa is responsible for supplying blood to the outer layers of large blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Vasa vasorum

Question 5

If the smooth muscle in the tunica media contracts, what is the expected effect on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure increases due to vasoconstriction

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between arteries and veins as shown in the histological comparison?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins

Question 7

Which layer of the blood vessel wall contains the endothelium?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima

Question 8

A blood vessel is observed to have a thick tunica media and a small, round lumen. What type of vessel is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Artery

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the tunica intima is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the innermost layer and includes the endothelium

Question 10

If a blood vessel loses its external elastic lamina, which layer is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the vasomotor nerves found in the tunica externa?

Accepted Answer

They regulate the contraction of smooth muscle in the tunica media

Question 12

A patient has damage to the basal lamina of their blood vessels. Which layer is directly compromised?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of the tunica intima?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells

Question 14

Which layer of the blood vessel wall provides structural support and protection?

Accepted Answer

Tunica externa

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely occur if the tunica media of an artery is damaged?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to regulate blood pressure

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique feature of veins compared to arteries?

Accepted Answer

Presence of valves to prevent backflow

Question 17

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is most involved in the development of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of layers in a typical artery from innermost to outermost?

Accepted Answer

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to be found in the tunica media of an artery?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells

Question 20

A histological section shows a vessel with a thin wall, large lumen, and presence of valves. What type of vessel is this?

Accepted Answer

Vein

Blood Vessels: Structure, Function, and Circulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions