Question 1

Which of the following bones is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 2

A patient presents with a herniated intervertebral disc between L4 and L5. Which structure is most likely protruding and compressing a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus pulposus

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the bones that form the bony orbit of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid

Question 4

A forensic anthropologist is examining a pelvis with a wide pelvic inlet, a broad pubic arch, and a tilted sacrum. This pelvis most likely belongs to:

Accepted Answer

A female

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the functional classification of the pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Amphiarthrotic

Question 6

A football player suffers a lateral blow to the knee. Which three structures are most likely to be injured?

Accepted Answer

Anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, tibial collateral ligament

Question 7

Which of the following joint types allows for the greatest range of motion?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 8

Which movement describes turning the palm of the hand from facing anteriorly to facing posteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Pronation

Question 9

Which connective tissue covering directly surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 10

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest: muscle, myofibril, fascicle, sarcomere, muscle fiber, myofilament.

Accepted Answer

Muscle \u003e fascicle \u003e muscle fiber \u003e myofibril \u003e sarcomere \u003e myofilament

Question 11

During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate the sliding filament mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$})$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in muscle fibers after repeated contractions?

Accepted Answer

It restores the resting membrane potential by moving $$3\ \mathrm{Na^+}$$ out and $$2\ \mathrm{K^+} in $$per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 13

A patient is unable to dorsiflex the foot. Which movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Raising the foot upwards toward the shin

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of thick and thin filaments in a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Thick filaments are located in the A band; thin filaments extend across the I band and partway into the A band.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is more frequently injured than the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

Accepted Answer

The ACL is more exposed to anterior forces and rotational stresses.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a joint and its structural/functional classification?

Accepted Answer

First rib-sternum: cartilaginous/synarthrotic

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of muscle excitation-contraction coupling (ECC)?

Accepted Answer

Action potential travels along the sarcolemma, causing $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which binds to troponin and initiates contraction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They lighten the skull and enhance resonance of the voice.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a direct and indirect muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Direct attachments involve the epimysium fusing directly to bone; indirect attachments involve tendons or aponeuroses.

BMD 251 (A&P I) Exam 3 Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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