Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water serves as a solvent, facilitating the transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their intracellular fluid. What is the most likely effect on their cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water moves out of the cells into the extracellular fluid.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 4

Which compartment contains the largest volume of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid

Question 5

A person is severely dehydrated. Which of the following changes would you expect in their body fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in both intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sodium ions ($$\mathrm{Na^+}) $$are primarily found in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out of cells in exchange for $$\mathrm{K^+}.$$

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

A patient with low plasma protein levels (hypoproteinemia) is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure, resulting in edema

Question 9

Which of the following statements about interstitial fluid is correct?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds tissue cells and acts as a medium for exchange between blood and cells.

Question 10

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell as water enters the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the composition of plasma compared to interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains more proteins than interstitial fluid.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_H$$), oncotic pressure ($$\pi$$), and net filtration pressure ($$NFP) $$across a capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (P_H - \pi)$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of osmosis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water from the intestines into the blood

Question 14

A patient receives a large infusion of isotonic saline. What is the expected effect on their body fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

Increase in extracellular fluid volume only

Question 15

Which of the following ions is most abundant in the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ($$\mathrm{K^+})$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why edema occurs in patients with heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Increased hydrostatic pressure in capillaries pushes fluid into the interstitial space.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of plasma proteins in maintaining fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

They create an osmotic gradient that draws water into the capillaries.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the movement of solutes during facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Solutes move down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 19

A patient with severe burns loses a significant amount of plasma. Which fluid compartment is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Plasma

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of adding a non-permeable solute to one side of a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water will move toward the side with the non-permeable solute.

Body Fluids: Functions, Compartments, and Movement in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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