Question 1

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones inferior to the base of the skull, and what is the initial tissue replaced during this process?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification; hyaline cartilage

Question 2

During endochondral ossification, what is the role of the periosteal bud?

Accepted Answer

It invades cavities, bringing blood vessels, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts to form spongy bone

Question 3

Which hormone is most important for stimulating epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 4

A 10-year-old child presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Blood tests reveal low calcium and vitamin D levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 5

Which of the following best describes Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

Bones grow or remodel in response to the demands placed on them

Question 6

What is the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate during interstitial growth of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Resting zone, Proliferation zone, Hypertrophic zone, Calcification zone, Ossification zone

Question 7

Which equation represents the normal range of blood calcium concentration in mg/dl?

Accepted Answer

$$9 \leq [Ca$$^{2+}$$] \leq 11$$

Question 8

A patient with sustained high blood calcium levels is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Nonresponsiveness of neuromuscular function

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum secrete bone matrix on the external bone surface

Question 10

Which hormone is released by the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

During bone repair, what is the correct order of events following a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 12

Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Petite body form and insufficient exercise

Question 13

Which type of ossification is responsible for the formation of the flat bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 14

Which enzyme is important for bone mineralization during bone deposit?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 15

A 65-year-old woman presents with vertebral fractures and decreased bone density. Which process is most likely outpacing bone deposit in her condition?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption

Question 16

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of bone deposit and bone resorption by adjacent osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 17

Which of the following drugs is used to treat osteoporosis by decreasing osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Bisphosphonates

Question 18

Which of the following is required for intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D metabolites

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bones of bedridden patients become featureless?

Accepted Answer

Lack of mechanical stress leads to reduced bone remodeling and loss of projections

Question 20

Which equation best represents the negative feedback loop for blood calcium homeostasis involving parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Low } [Ca$$^{2+}$$] ightarrow 	ext{PTH release} ightarrow 	ext{Osteoclast activation} ightarrow 	ext{Increase } [Ca$$^{2+}$$]$$

Bone Development, Growth, and Homeostasis: Chapter 6 Part II Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards