Q: A sprinter uses the phosphagen system for energy. Which equation best represents the reaction involved? $$\text{Creatine phosphate} + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{Creatine} + \text{ATP}$$

$$\text{Creatine phosphate} + \text{ADP} \rightarrow \text{Creatine} + \text{ATP}$$

Q: Which equation best represents aerobic cellular respiration in muscle cells? $$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, while spongy bone is porous and composed of trabeculae.

Question 2

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to decreased bone mass. Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, contributing to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, which sequence correctly describes the transformation of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage → bone

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

$$	ext{PTH}$$

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A 12-year-old is experiencing rapid growth. Which structure is responsible for lengthwise growth of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 6

A fracture heals through several stages. Which is the correct order of events in bone fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 7

Which joint type allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as diarthrosis?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joint

Question 8

A patient presents with joint pain, swelling, and morning stiffness. Laboratory tests reveal autoantibodies. Which type of arthritis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

Which synovial joint structure reduces friction between tendons and bones?

Accepted Answer

Bursa

Question 10

Which movement occurs when you decrease the angle between two bones, such as bending the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Flexion

Question 11

Which muscle type is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 12

During muscle contraction, which model explains the interaction between actin and myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

Sliding filament model

Question 13

Which process describes the sequence: nerve impulse → muscle fiber excitation → contraction → relaxation?

Accepted Answer

Excitation–contraction–relaxation

Question 14

A sprinter uses the phosphagen system for energy. Which equation best represents the reaction involved?

$$	ext{Creatine phosphate} + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{Creatine} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Creatine phosphate} + 	ext{ADP} ightarrow 	ext{Creatine} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 15

Which muscle fiber type is most resistant to fatigue and is adapted for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow oxidative)

Question 16

A patient with myasthenia gravis experiences muscle weakness due to impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Which neurotransmitter is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why muscle fatigue occurs during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lactic acid and depletion of ATP

Question 18

A patient with muscular dystrophy has progressive muscle weakness. Which structural protein is most commonly defective in this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Dystrophin

Question 19

A multi-step scenario: A patient with a bone fracture is immobilized for several weeks. Explain the physiological consequences for both bone and muscle tissue, integrating concepts of bone remodeling and muscle atrophy.

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling slows, leading to decreased bone mass, and muscle atrophy occurs due to reduced stimulation.

Question 20

Which equation best represents aerobic cellular respiration in muscle cells?

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Bone, Joints, and Muscle Tissue: Structured Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards