Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

They help distribute mechanical stress and reduce bone weight.

Question 2

Which type of bone is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones such as the parietal bone

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, which tissue is replaced by bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage

Question 4

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the lengthening of long bones at the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes

Question 5

Arrange the following zones of the epiphyseal plate in order from the epiphysis to the diaphysis: 1) Zone of proliferation, 2) Zone of hypertrophy, 3) Zone of calcification, 4) Resting zone.

Accepted Answer

4, 1, 2, 3

Question 6

Which of the following best differentiates longitudinal bone growth from appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal growth increases bone length via the epiphyseal plate, while appositional growth increases bone diameter via the periosteum.

Question 7

A 12-year-old patient is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating this process, and which cells does it target?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone; chondrocytes

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the skull, such as the femur and humerus?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 9

During appositional bone growth, which cells are primarily responsible for adding new bone tissue to the outer surface?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 10

A patient with a pituitary tumor is producing excess growth hormone. What effect would this have on their bones if the epiphyseal plates are still open?

Accepted Answer

Increased longitudinal bone growth resulting in gigantism

Question 11

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is characterized by rapid mitosis of chondrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Zone of proliferation

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone length ($L$), rate of chondrocyte proliferation ($P$), and time ($t$) during longitudinal growth?

Accepted Answer

$L = P 	imes t$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

It requires a cartilage model as a precursor.

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates osteoblasts during appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 15

A fracture occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone. Which process will be most important for increasing the bone's diameter during healing?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth at the periosteum

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate is crucial for bone lengthening during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

It contains zones of chondrocyte activity that allow for new cartilage formation and subsequent ossification.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in stunted longitudinal bone growth in a child?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of growth hormone

Question 18

Which of the following statements about bone growth is correct?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth increases bone thickness via osteoblasts at the periosteum.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

They resorb bone tissue to help shape and remodel bones.

Question 20

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting chondrocyte proliferation in the epiphyseal plate would most likely present with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Bone Structure and Growth: Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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