Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally low blood calcium levels. Which physiological response is most likely to occur to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to stimulate bone resorption

Question 3

Which process describes the formation of bone tissue by replacing hyaline cartilage, and is essential for the development of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 4

During appositional growth, which part of the bone increases in size?

Accepted Answer

Diameter of the bone

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Provides strength and support for weight-bearing

Question 6

A fracture that damages the blood supply to bone tissue can impair which critical process?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

$Ca^{2+}_{blood} = Ca^{2+}_{released~from~bone} - Ca^{2+}_{deposited~in~bone}$

Question 8

Which bone marking is most likely to serve as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Process

Question 9

A child with vitamin D deficiency is at risk for which bone disorder, and what is the underlying physiological mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Rickets due to impaired calcium absorption and defective mineralization

Question 10

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 12

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to experience which change in bone physiology?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass due to excessive osteoclast activity

Question 13

Which structure in a long bone contains the red bone marrow responsible for hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Question 14

During the process of endochondral ossification, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Development of a cartilage model

Question 15

Which dietary factor is most critical for proper bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Adequate calcium and vitamin D

Question 16

Which equation best represents the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone and blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta Ca^{2+}_{blood} = Ca^{2+}_{released~from~bone~by~PTH}$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It reduces bone weight and absorbs shock from joint movement

Question 18

A patient with a diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D is most likely to experience which physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mineralization and increased fracture risk

Question 19

Which bone cell type acts as a mechanosensor, detecting mechanical stress and signaling for bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

A tennis player develops increased bone density in their dominant arm

Bone Structure, Physiology, and Development: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions