Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood calcium level significantly below normal. Which hormone will be secreted to restore homeostasis, and what is its primary effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); it stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the bone type with an example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 4

During the healing of a bone fracture, which stage immediately follows the formation of a hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus formation

Question 5

Which structure in a long bone contains yellow marrow and serves as a site for fat storage?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the body, including the femur and humerus?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 7

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the epiphyseal plate. Which aspect of bone growth will be most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Growth in bone length

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is stronger than spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is composed of tightly packed osteons with concentric lamellae.

Question 9

Which of the following joint types allows the greatest range of motion and is found at the shoulder and hip?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 10

A person turns their palm upward to receive change at a store. Which movement and joint are primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Supination at the radioulnar joint

Question 11

Which of the following is a structural characteristic of synovial joints that distinguishes them from fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Question 12

Which bone cell type is responsible for building new bone matrix during appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 13

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too high, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates osteoblasts to deposit calcium into bone

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the movement of abduction?

Accepted Answer

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 15

A gymnast performs a split, moving her legs laterally away from her body. Which joint movement is she demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage model develops → primary ossification center forms → medullary cavity develops → secondary ossification centers form

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis decreases bone mass and density, weakening the bone structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

Accepted Answer

Suture between skull bones

Question 19

Which accessory structure of a synovial joint reduces friction between a tendon and bone during movement?

Accepted Answer

Bursa

Question 20

A patient is unable to touch the tip of their thumb to the tips of their other fingers. Which movement is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Opposition

Bone Tissue, Skeletal System, and Joints: Study Guide

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