Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between osteocytes.

Question 2

A bone lacking a calcified matrix, as shown in Figure 6.4, would most likely exhibit which property?

Accepted Answer

Normal appearance but increased flexibility.

Question 3

Which chemical reaction is responsible for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 4

Which bone cell type is responsible for producing new bone matrix during ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 5

A patient with a genetic defect preventing the production of collagen fibers in bone would most likely experience which clinical outcome?

Accepted Answer

Bones that are brittle and prone to fracture due to lack of tensile strength.

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the bone cell type with its function?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts – produce new bone matrix

Question 7

During bone growth, which process is responsible for increasing the length of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 8

Which structure is the functional unit of compact bone, containing a central canal and concentric lamellae?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 9

A long bone is subjected to weight-bearing forces. Which side of the femoral shaft experiences compression, and which side experiences tension?

Accepted Answer

Medial side experiences compression; lateral side experiences tension.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone matrix forms an open network of trabeculae.

Question 11

Which layer of bone tissue is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling, and lines the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the thickening and strengthening of long bones during growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 13

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Mandible

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

They absorb and remove bone matrix, releasing stored minerals.

Question 15

A patient presents with delayed epiphyseal closure in long bones. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It consists of an outer fibrous and inner cellular layer.

Question 17

Which blood vessels supply blood to the superficial osteons and secondary ossification centers?

Accepted Answer

Periosteal vessels

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the chemical composition of hydroxyapatite, the main mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 19

Which cell type is derived from the same stem cells that produce monocytes and macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It isolates bone from surrounding tissues and participates in bone growth and repair.

Bone Tissue: Structure, Composition, and Cellular Components

Study Guide - Practice Questions