Question 1

Which function of the skeleton is directly responsible for maintaining blood calcium levels within a narrow physiological range?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte balance

Question 2

Which tissue type is NOT found as a component of individual bones?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 3

A patient presents with muscle spasms due to low blood calcium. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Question 4

Which bone classification is best described as thin, curved plates that protect soft organs?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 5

What is the primary function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

To cover and protect the outer surface of bone

Question 6

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and releasing minerals into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 7

Which part of a long bone contains the yellow marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 8

Which process describes the formation of bone from a cartilage model during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 9

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

What is the structural and functional unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (haversian system)

Question 11

Which equation best represents the mineral composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 12

A child’s long bones are growing in length. Which structure is primarily responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 13

Which bone cell type is a stem cell found in the endosteum and inner layer of periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell

Question 14

Which process allows bones to grow in diameter and thickness throughout life?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Sluggish reflexes

Question 16

Which structure in flat bones absorbs shock and is lined with endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Diploë

Question 17

Which of the following best describes Wolff’s law of bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone architecture is determined by mechanical stresses placed on it

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell production

Question 19

Which anatomical feature of a long bone is covered by articular cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the release of calcium and phosphate ions from bone into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Mineral resorption

Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification

Study Guide - Practice Questions