Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture at the wrist after falling on an outstretched hand. The X-ray shows the distal radius is broken and displaced posteriorly. Which type of fracture is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Colles fracture

Question 3

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption and the release of stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the correct sequence of events at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes enlarge, matrix calcifies, chondrocytes die, blood vessels invade

Question 5

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 6

A 55-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Decline in estrogen levels after menopause

Question 7

Which bone classification includes the patella and is characterized by being small, round, and flat, found within tendons?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bones

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 9

A child with vitamin D deficiency presents with bowed legs and soft bones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 10

Which structure in a long bone is responsible for growth in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate (cartilage)

Question 11

Which type of bone tissue is arranged in osteons and contains concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation during bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 13

A patient with Marfan syndrome is likely to exhibit which of the following skeletal features?

Accepted Answer

Tall stature and long, slender limbs

Question 14

Which process describes the continuous recycling and renewal of bone matrix involving osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bones become thicker and stronger in response to weight-bearing exercise?

Accepted Answer

Physical stress stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone mass

Question 16

Which bone marking is a projection that serves as an attachment point for muscles and tendons?

Accepted Answer

Process

Question 17

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains trabeculae and supports red bone marrow

Question 18

During intramembranous ossification, which type of cell differentiates first to initiate bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Mesenchymal cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of Sharpey's fibers?

Accepted Answer

They anchor tendons and ligaments to bone by integrating with the periosteum

Question 20

A patient with excessive osteoclast activity and insufficient osteoblast activity is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Osteopenia

Bones and Bone Structure: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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