Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient with leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow transplant. Which bone is most commonly used for harvesting bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Pelvic bone

Question 3

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption and what is the primary mechanism by which it accomplishes this?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition and function of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone?

Accepted Answer

They are inorganic minerals that give bone its strength and ability to resist compression

Question 5

A 7-year-old child suffers a greenstick fracture. What is the most likely explanation for this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

The bone bends and cracks on one side, typical in children whose bones are more flexible

Question 6

Which equation best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the major mineral in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2$$

Question 7

During intramembranous ossification, which of the following occurs FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteogenic cells

Question 8

Which bone structure is responsible for anchoring the periosteum to the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Perforating fibers (Sharpey's fibers)

Question 9

A patient presents with brittle bones and frequent fractures. Laboratory tests reveal a deficiency in the organic matrix of bone. Which component is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures?

Accepted Answer

There is inadequate organic matrix, making bone brittle

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the head (excluding the clavicles)?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

A patient with acromegaly has enlarged bones of the face and hands. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Excess growth hormone secretion after closure of the epiphyseal plates

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocalcin in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It binds to calcium ions and hydroxyapatite crystals to organize the inorganic matrix

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood supply to long bones?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient arteries enter through the nutrient foramen in the diaphysis

Question 15

Which type of bone is characterized by being thin and broad, and is formed primarily by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 16

A patient with achondroplasia has shortened limbs and a long trunk. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference in the order of bone formation between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification forms compact bone first, followed by spongy bone; intramembranous forms spongy bone first

Question 18

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and is lined by endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of defective osteoclast function, as seen in osteopetrosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone mass but bones are weak and brittle

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why infants and young children have mostly red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

They require rapid hematopoiesis to support growth

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure and Function of the Skeletal System

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