Q: Which of the following equations best represents the composition of the inorganic matrix of bone?

$$\text{Hydroxyapatite:} \ \mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone extracellular matrix by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect resulting in nonfunctional osteoclasts would most likely develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Osteopetrosis

Question 3

Which of the following equations best represents the composition of the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hydroxyapatite:} \ \mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 4

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 5

A 10-year-old child suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate of the femur. Which of the following is the most likely long-term consequence if the fracture is not properly treated?

Accepted Answer

The bone will stop growing in length.

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating longitudinal bone growth during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis results in inadequate inorganic matrix, making bone brittle.

Question 8

Which of the following steps occurs first during the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

A hematoma fills the gap between the bone fragments.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms on a model of hyaline cartilage.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Fat storage

Question 11

A patient with achondroplasia has a mutation affecting which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of collagen fibers in bone?

Accepted Answer

They help bone resist torsion and tensile forces.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the blood supply to long bones?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient arteries enter through the nutrient foramen to supply internal structures.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why adults have more yellow marrow than red marrow compared to children?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is gradually replaced by yellow marrow as growth slows.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts develop in the primary ossification center, osteoblasts secrete organic matrix, osteoblasts lay down trabeculae, osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down compact bone.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes appositional growth of bone?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of new circumferential lamellae.

Question 17

Which of the following is a preventative measure for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a dense irregular connective tissue membrane with blood vessels and nerves that covers the outer surface of bone.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate is considered a 'growth plate'?

Accepted Answer

It contains zones of chondrocytes that divide and allow for longitudinal bone growth.

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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