Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of bone markings on the human skeleton?

Accepted Answer

They indicate where bones form joints with other bones, muscles, and tendons, where ligaments attach, and where blood vessels and nerves pass.

Question 2

A patient presents with pain in the shin after running. Which bone disorder is most likely, and what is the primary cause?

Accepted Answer

Shin splints caused by inflammation of the periosteum and perforating fibers.

Question 3

Which bone type is characterized by being longer than it is wide and primarily composed of compact bone? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

Long bone; example: femur

Question 4

Which structure covers the epiphyseal surface of a long bone instead of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Articular cartilage

Question 5

What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is smooth and homogenous, while spongy bone has small trabeculae and lots of space.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a location where hyaline cartilage is found?

Accepted Answer

External ear

Question 7

A histological section of compact bone reveals concentric rings surrounding a central canal. What is the name of this structural unit?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of osteons ($$N_o$$), the total length of bone ($$L$$), and the average distance between osteons ($$d$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$N_o = \frac{L}{d}$$

Question 9

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 10

A bone is classified as irregular. Which of the following is most likely an example?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 11

Which structure lines the shaft of a long bone and is involved in bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect the central canal to lacunae, allowing nutrients and waste to be exchanged between osteocytes.

Question 13

Which bone marking is most likely to be found where a ligament attaches to a bone?

Accepted Answer

Tuberosity

Question 14

Which equation would you use to calculate the volume of yellow bone marrow ($$V_{ym}) in a $$cylindrical medullary cavity with radius $$r$$ and length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{ym} = \pi r^2$ l$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

It is a region of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal bone growth occurs.

Question 16

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone of the skull

Question 17

Which type of bone marrow is primarily responsible for blood cell production in infants?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow

Question 18

Which canal runs perpendicular to the Haversian canals and connects them to the periosteum and marrow cavity?

Accepted Answer

Volkmann’s (perforating) canal

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cartilage type and location?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage – intervertebral discs

Question 20

A bone model assignment requires you to identify the medullary cavity. Which of the following best describes its contents in adults?

Accepted Answer

Yellow bone marrow composed of adipose tissue

Bones and Cartilage: Structure, Classification, and Markings (A&P Lab Lesson 3 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards