Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of red bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which part of the long bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

According to Wolff’s Law, what happens to bone tissue in response to increased mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows or remodels to become stronger

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 6

During endochondral ossification, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Development of osteoblasts and formation of bone collar

Question 7

Which structure in compact bone allows blood vessels and nerves to travel perpendicular to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals

Question 8

A 10-year-old boy has a nondisplaced fracture of the wrist. Which type of bone growth is most responsible for healing and continued growth at his age?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Contains hydroxyapatite crystals for hardness

Question 10

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 11

A compound fracture is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A fracture where the bone penetrates the skin

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages of fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 13

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too high, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates osteoblasts to deposit calcium

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range of calcium concentration in blood?

Accepted Answer

$$9-11\ \mathrm{mg}/100\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 15

Which prefix means 'over' or 'above'?

Accepted Answer

epi-

Question 16

Which suffix indicates inflammation?

Accepted Answer

-itis

Question 17

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the skull?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 19

Which layer of the periosteum contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Inner cellular layer

Question 20

A patient with osteoporosis is advised to do weight-bearing exercises. What is the physiological basis for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress stimulates bone formation according to Wolff’s Law

Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Structure, Classification, and Function

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