Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most commonly found at the articular surfaces of long bones, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which type of bone tissue is primarily damaged, and what is its main characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone; dense and forms the outer layer of the diaphysis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth adds new cartilage to the surface, while interstitial growth expands cartilage from within

Question 4

A 10-year-old child is experiencing rapid bone growth. Which structure is primarily responsible for the lengthening of long bones during this period?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sternum; protects thoracic organs

Question 6

Which component of bone is primarily responsible for its hardness and resistance to compression?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 7

A patient with anemia is found to have decreased hematopoietic activity. In which part of the adult skeleton is red marrow most likely to be found?

Accepted Answer

Trabecular cavities of flat bones such as the sternum and pelvis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Resorb and break down bone matrix

Question 9

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 10

A patient has a genetic defect affecting the production of collagen in bone. Which property of bone would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Bone's ability to resist tension and provide flexibility

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It provides a lightweight structure and helps absorb shock from joint movement

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments

Question 13

A patient with osteoporosis has bones that fracture easily. Which component of bone is most likely decreased in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$Ca_5(PO_4)_3OH$

Question 15

During bone repair after a fracture, which cell type is primarily responsible for synthesizing new bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes

Question 17

A 65-year-old woman has decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures. Which process is most likely increased in her bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast activity

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the medullary cavity of long bones contains yellow marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow stores fat for energy

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 20

A patient has a tumor that is destroying the endosteum of long bones. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The delicate inner lining of the medullary cavity

Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Structure, Function, and Composition

Study Guide - Practice Questions