Question 1

Which structure anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Sharpey's (perforating) fibers

Question 2

A patient presents with bones that are extremely flexible and unable to resist compression. Which component of the bone matrix is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic matrix (hydroxyapatite crystals)

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and what is the primary chemical it secretes to dissolve the inorganic matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; secrete HCl

Question 4

Which region of a long bone contains the epiphyseal plate and is responsible for longitudinal growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis

Question 5

What is the main function of the organic matrix (osteoid) in bone?

Accepted Answer

Provide flexibility and tensile strength

Question 6

Which type of bone tissue is best suited to resist multidirectional stresses and why?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone; because its trabeculae are arranged in multiple directions

Question 7

During bone formation, which vitamin is required for collagen fiber formation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the histology of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It is organized into osteons with concentric lamellae and central canals

Question 9

A child with achondroplasia has shortened limbs but a relatively large skull. This is due to a decrease in which type of ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Growth in width by addition of bone tissue to the surface

Question 11

Which bone cell type is mitotically active and serves as a stem cell for other bone cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor cell

Question 12

If a bone lacked its organic matrix, what would be the expected physical property?

Accepted Answer

It would be brittle and prone to shattering

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Increase bone brittleness

Question 14

Which structure is found in the diaphysis of a long bone and is lined by endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of bone marrow degeneration and can convert back to its original form under certain conditions?

Accepted Answer

Yellow bone marrow

Question 16

Which of the following is a major component of the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 17

What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release Ca$$^{2+}$$ into blood

Question 18

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the structure of short, irregular, sesamoid, and flat bones?

Accepted Answer

They lack medullary cavities and epiphyseal plates

Question 20

Which canal in compact bone allows blood vessels and nerves to travel perpendicular to the central canal?

Accepted Answer

Volkmann's (perforating) canal

Bones and Skeletal Tissue: Structure, Growth, and Remodeling

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