Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism

Question 2

Which type of cartilage is found in the menisci of the knee and intervertebral discs, and what is its main structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; contains thick collagen fibers

Question 3

A patient with anemia may experience a conversion of yellow marrow to red marrow. In which part of the adult skeleton is this most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Heads of femur and humerus

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and smooth, while spongy bone contains a honeycomb of trabeculae

Question 5

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism by which it functions?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; by secreting lysosomal enzymes and protons (H+)

Question 6

Which equation best represents the mineral component of bone responsible for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, what is the sequence of events at the primary ossification center?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bud invades, spongy bone forms

Question 8

A 16-year-old male suffers a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely consequence if the injury is not properly treated?

Accepted Answer

Premature closure of the epiphyseal plate, resulting in shorter bone length

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bones are both strong and flexible?

Accepted Answer

The combination of organic collagen fibers and inorganic mineral salts

Question 11

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed weight-bearing exercise. Which principle of bone physiology explains why this treatment is effective?

Accepted Answer

Bone adapts to mechanical stress by increasing thickness through appositional growth

Question 12

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Condyle – helps form a joint

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the formation of the clavicle and most skull bones?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain bone matrix and act as stress sensors

Question 15

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of sacrificial bonds in collagen. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Bones will be more brittle and prone to fracture

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It maintains a constant thickness due to balanced cartilage growth and bone replacement

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It involves coordinated activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the periosteum is essential for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteogenic cells that contribute to bone growth and repair

Question 20

Which of the following statements about bone markings is correct?

Accepted Answer

A crest is a narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

Study Guide - Practice Questions