Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the perichondrium in cartilage tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels that deliver nutrients to cartilage.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is most likely to be found in the menisci of the knee and the intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 5

A long bone grows in length primarily through which process?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which hormone is most directly responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A 10-year-old child presents with bowed legs and enlarged bone ends. Laboratory tests reveal a vitamin D deficiency. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise helps prevent osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates bone remodeling in response to mechanical stress (Wolff’s law).

Question 9

Which of the following bone cells is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 10

A patient with a complete, open fracture of the tibia will require which of the following treatments?

Accepted Answer

Open reduction with surgical pins or wires

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

It consists of both organic osteoid and inorganic hydroxyapatite.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar formation, cartilage calcification, invasion of periosteal bud, formation of medullary cavity, ossification of epiphyses

Question 13

Which of the following bone markings would most likely serve as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 14

A patient with hypercalcemia is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Nonresponsiveness and possible kidney stones

Question 15

Which of the following statements about spongy bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is organized along lines of stress and contains trabeculae.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain bone matrix and act as stress sensors.

Question 17

A 65-year-old woman presents with a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her X-ray shows decreased bone mass, especially in the femoral neck and vertebrae. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for the mineral component that gives bone its hardness?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the diaphysis of long bones is hollow in the center?

Accepted Answer

Compression and tension forces cancel each other out in the center, so less material is needed (Wolff’s law).

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a stage of bone repair after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar formation

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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