Q: Which equation correctly represents the relationship between bone mass recycled and time, given that spongy bone is replaced every 3-4 years and compact bone every 10 years?

$$M_{spongy} = \frac{M_{total}}{T_{spongy}}$$ \text{ and } M_{compact} = \frac{M_{total}}{T_{compact}}$

Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human skeleton and provides support, flexibility, and resilience?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with bowed legs and bone deformities due to poor mineralization of bone matrix. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

During bone growth, which zone of the epiphyseal plate is characterized by rapid division of chondrocytes, leading to lengthening of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating bone resorption to increase blood calcium levels when they drop below normal?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A long bone consists of a shaft and two ends. What is the name of the shaft?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Which bone marking is described as a hole or canal in bone that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains both organic (collagen, cells) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) components

Question 10

A 65-year-old woman presents with vertebral fractures and decreased bone mass. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 11

Which process describes the formation of bone from a cartilage model, as seen in most bones of the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 12

Which structure covers the external surfaces of bone except at joints and contains Sharpey's fibers?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why bones are considered organs?

Accepted Answer

They contain multiple types of tissues, including nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues

Question 14

Which bone cell type acts as a stress or strain sensor and communicates with osteoblasts and osteoclasts to coordinate bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between bone mass recycled and time, given that spongy bone is replaced every 3-4 years and compact bone every 10 years?

Accepted Answer

$$M_{spongy} = \frac{M_{total}}{T_{spongy}}$$ 	ext{ and } M_{compact} = \frac{M_{total}}{T_{compact}}$

Question 16

A fracture in which the bone ends are out of normal alignment and the skin is penetrated is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Open, displaced

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus formation → Bony callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 18

Which of the following bone shapes is correctly matched with its example?

Accepted Answer

Short bone – patella

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling involves both bone deposit by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 20

Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Classification

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