Question 1

Which of the following best explains why hyaline cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in joints?

Accepted Answer

It provides support, flexibility, and resilience to reduce friction and absorb shock during movement.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes the location of this fracture?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling involves both bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.

Question 4

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to such fractures?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass decreases with age due to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the bone matrix and act as stress or strain sensors.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood

Question 7

Which of the following bone types is correctly matched with its example?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone – sternum

Question 8

A child is diagnosed with a fracture that did not break the skin and the bone ends are still aligned. How would this fracture be classified?

Accepted Answer

Closed, nondisplaced, complete

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the diaphysis of long bones is hollow in the center?

Accepted Answer

Because compression and tension forces cancel each other out in the center, allowing for a lighter but strong structure

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an anchoring point for tendons and ligaments and contains osteogenic cells.

Question 11

A patient with anemia is found to have increased red marrow in their long bones. What is the physiological explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow converts to red marrow to increase blood cell production.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of hydroxyapatite in bone?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the hardness and resistance to compression of bone.

Question 13

A weightlifter develops large bony projections at muscle attachment sites. Which law explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's law

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is found inside bones.

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{PTH} \uparrow \implies 	ext{Osteoclast Activity} \uparrow \implies [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} \uparrow$$

Question 16

A histological section of bone shows concentric rings of bone matrix surrounding a central canal. What is the name of this structural unit?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bones of bedridden patients become featureless over time?

Accepted Answer

Lack of mechanical stress leads to decreased bone remodeling and loss of bone markings.

Question 18

During bone repair, which of the following sequences is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the chemical composition of bone?

Accepted Answer

Inorganic components, mainly hydroxyapatites, provide resistance to compression.

Question 20

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of collagen in bone. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Bones that are extremely brittle and fracture easily under tension.

Ch 6. Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Remodeling

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