Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

A patient presents with a broken femur. Which type of bone is the femur classified as, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Long bone; acts as a lever for muscle action

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

A layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone

Question 4

During bone development, which process is responsible for the formation of most bones below the base of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 5

A 10-year-old child is experiencing rapid growth in height. Which region of the long bone is primarily responsible for this growth?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main consequence if its activity exceeds that of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; bone mass decreases leading to osteoporosis

Question 7

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops hypocalcemia. Which hormone is released in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases bone resorption to raise blood calcium

Question 8

According to Wolff's Law, how does bone adapt to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows or remodels in response to the demands placed on it

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass ($M$), bone formation rate ($F$), and bone resorption rate ($R$) over time ($t$)?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{dM}{dt} = F - R $$

Question 10

A 70-year-old woman presents with a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density is significantly reduced. Which condition is most likely responsible, and what is a key risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis; postmenopausal status

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of bone healing after a fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 12

A patient with Paget's disease is found to have a high ratio of spongy to compact bone and reduced mineralization. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Bones are more prone to deformity and fracture

Question 13

Which of the following statements about red and yellow bone marrow is correct?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis, while yellow marrow stores fat

Question 14

Which of the following bone markings is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Foramen: passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Question 15

A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency leading to poor bone mineralization

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone mass decreases with age, especially in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone formation due to hormonal changes

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of Wolff's Law in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

A tennis player's dominant arm has thicker cortical bone than the non-dominant arm

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage model forms, cartilage calcifies, periosteal bone collar forms, primary ossification center develops

Question 19

A patient has sustained a comminuted fracture. Which of the following best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

The bone is broken into three or more pieces

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Function, and Development

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