Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the perichondrium in skeletal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery and resists outward expansion.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of the femur. Which part of the bone is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is characterized by its great tensile strength due to thick collagen fibers?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 4

During bone remodeling, which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and what is the main mechanism by which it acts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; by secreting lysosomal enzymes and protons (H+) to dissolve bone matrix

Question 5

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A 16-year-old male is experiencing a growth spurt. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is primarily responsible for the increase in length of his long bones?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation (growth) zone

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why compact bone is stronger than spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone has a dense outer layer with organized osteons (Haversian systems).

Question 8

A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed a medication that inhibits osteoclast activity. What is the expected effect on bone density?

Accepted Answer

Bone density will increase due to decreased bone resorption.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between calcium homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) release?

Accepted Answer

$Ca^{2+}_{blood} \downarrow \Rightarrow PTH_{release} \uparrow \Rightarrow Osteoclast_{activity} \uparrow \Rightarrow Ca^{2+}_{blood} \uparrow$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar forms around diaphysis, cartilage in diaphysis calcifies and develops cavities, periosteal bud invades cavities, formation of spongy bone

Question 11

Which bone cell type is derived from hematopoietic stem cells and is multinucleated?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 12

A patient suffers a compound fracture. Which of the following best describes this injury?

Accepted Answer

The bone ends are out of normal alignment and the skin is penetrated.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the role of collagen fibers in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

They contribute to structure, tensile strength, and flexibility.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the formation of flat bones such as the clavicle and cranial bones?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 15

A 25-year-old athlete has increased bone thickness due to repeated mechanical stress. Which law explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's Law: Bone grows and remodels in response to the forces placed upon it.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 17

Which equation best represents the mineral composition of bone responsible for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Bone Hardness} \propto [Ca_3(PO_4)_2]_{hydroxyapatite}$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They are hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal, allowing nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 19

A patient with vitamin D deficiency is likely to have impaired calcium absorption. Which equation best represents the relationship between vitamin D and calcium absorption?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Vitamin D}_{\uparrow} \Rightarrow Ca^{2+}_{absorption} \uparrow$

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Types, and Classification

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards