Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and provides support at locations such as joints, costal regions, and the nose tip?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient suffers a severe injury to the knee, resulting in loss of cushioning and tensile strength. Which type of cartilage is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 3

Which process describes the growth of cartilage by adding new matrix to the surface, and which cell type is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth; chondroblasts

Question 4

Which function of bone is directly related to the process of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of blood cells in red marrow

Question 5

A long bone consists of a shaft and two ends. What is the name of the shaft, and what type of bone tissue primarily surrounds its central cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis; compact bone

Question 6

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 7

If a person becomes anemic, which bone marrow type can convert to another to increase blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Yellow marrow can convert to red marrow

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of osteocytes within bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Act as stress or strain sensors and communicate with other bone cells

Question 9

Which structure in compact bone allows for communication between osteocytes and the transfer of nutrients from one cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Canaliculi

Question 10

A patient with hyperactive osteoclasts is likely to experience which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass ($M$), bone formation rate ($F$), and bone resorption rate ($R$) over time?

Accepted Answer

$M = F - R$

Question 12

Which bone marking is most likely to be found at a site of tendon attachment and is formed in response to increased stress from muscle pull?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of osteocalcin produced by osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Formation of red blood cells

Question 14

Which type of bone is most likely to be found forming within tendons, such as the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 15

Which layer of bone tissue contains osteogenic stem cells and is responsible for bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum (inner layer)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist both compression and tension?

Accepted Answer

Combination of organic (collagen) and inorganic (mineral salts) components

Question 17

Which anatomical feature of long bones is a remnant of the childhood epiphyseal plate and marks the boundary between the diaphysis and epiphysis?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal line

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of collagen fibers in adjacent lamellae of an osteon, and what is its functional significance?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers run in opposite directions; resists twisting forces

Question 19

Which equation would you use to estimate the total calcium content ($C$) in bone, given the bone mass ($M$) and the percentage of bone that is mineral ($p$)?

Accepted Answer

$C = M 	imes p$

Question 20

A forensic anthropologist finds a skeleton with unusually thick projections on the bones. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The individual experienced high muscle stress, leading to increased bone markings

Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Structure, Types, and Functions

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