$$\text{Bone Mass} = \text{Bone Formation} - \text{Bone Resorption}$$

$$\text{Ca}_5(\text{PO}_4)_3\text{OH}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is composed of osteons, while spongy bone is composed of trabeculae.

Question 2

A patient presents with elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; increases osteoblast activity to deposit calcium into bone.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone resorption and bone formation in maintaining bone mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone Mass} = 	ext{Bone Formation} - 	ext{Bone Resorption}$$

Question 4

Which type of ossification is responsible for forming most of the bones below the skull, and what is the initial tissue replaced?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification; replaces hyaline cartilage.

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient growth hormone secretion before epiphyseal plate closure.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding yellow and red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis, and yellow marrow stores fat.

Question 7

Hydroxyapatite is a major component of bone matrix. Which formula represents hydroxyapatite?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ca}_5(	ext{PO}_4)_3	ext{OH}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Reduces friction and absorbs shock at joint surfaces.

Question 9

Which movement is described by moving a limb away from the midline of the body?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 10

Which three organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal, digestive, and urinary systems

Question 11

Which of the following is the functional unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 12

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis decreases bone mass, reducing structural integrity.

Question 13

Which part of the hip bone do you sit on when seated?

Accepted Answer

Ischium

Question 14

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth in diameter by adding new bone to the periosteal surface.

Question 15

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of movement and is found in the shoulder and hip?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between male and female skeletons?

Accepted Answer

Male pelvis is narrower and deeper than female pelvis.

Question 17

Which bones do the ribs articulate with posteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone, osteoclasts resorb bone.

Question 19

A patient presents with joint pain and swelling. Which form of arthritis is characterized by autoimmune destruction of synovial membranes?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lighten the skull and enhance voice resonance.

Bones, Bone Structure, and Joints: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions