Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons, while spongy bone is organized into trabeculae.

Question 2

Articular cartilage is found at the ends of long bones within synovial joints. What type of cartilage is it, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

It is hyaline cartilage; its main function is to reduce friction and absorb shock.

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Appositional bone growth refers to:

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by adding new bone to the periosteal surface.

Question 5

Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones such as the skull and clavicle.

Question 6

A patient presents with abnormally short stature due to insufficient growth hormone during childhood. Which condition does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 8

Which part of a long bone contains the yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 9

Hydroxyapatite is a major component of bone. What is its chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{Ca_5$(PO_4$)_3(OH)} $$

Question 10

Which of the following is a synovial joint, and what is its primary movement?

Accepted Answer

Knee; flexion and extension

Question 11

Which three systems are primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal, endocrine, and urinary systems

Question 12

Which movement describes moving a limb away from the midline of the body?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 13

Which vertebral issue is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Question 14

Which part of the hip bone do you sit on?

Accepted Answer

Ischium

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 16

Which bones articulate with the ribs?

Accepted Answer

Vertebrae and sternum

Question 17

Which of the following is the functional unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 18

Which form of arthritis is characterized by autoimmune destruction of joint tissues?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 19

Which fontanel is located between the frontal and parietal bones in a newborn's skull?

Accepted Answer

Anterior fontanel

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between male and female skeletons?

Accepted Answer

Male skulls typically have more prominent brow ridges and larger mastoid processes.

Bones, Bone Structure, and Joints: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions