Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is composed of tightly packed osteons, while spongy bone is made up of a network of trabeculae.

Question 2

A patient presents with elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates osteoblasts to increase bone deposition.

Question 3

Which of the following bones is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone of the skull

Question 4

A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of growth hormone during childhood

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct formula for hydroxyapatite, the primary mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth in diameter by addition of new bone tissue at the periosteum

Question 7

Which type of cartilage is articular cartilage, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage; reduces friction and absorbs shock at joint surfaces

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a joint type and its example?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint – shoulder

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts resorb bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 10

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis after a hip fracture. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass due to increased bone resorption

Question 11

Which three organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining normal blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal, digestive, and urinary systems

Question 12

Which part of the hip bone do you sit on when seated?

Accepted Answer

Ischial tuberosity

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow produces blood cells, while yellow marrow stores fat.

Question 14

Which movement describes raising your arm laterally away from your body?

Accepted Answer

Abduction

Question 15

Which of the following is the functional unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 16

A patient with osteoarthritis is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Degeneration of articular cartilage leading to joint pain and stiffness

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between male and female pelvises?

Accepted Answer

The female pelvis has a larger pelvic inlet and a wider subpubic angle.

Question 18

Which bones do the ribs articulate with posteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Lighten the skull and enhance voice resonance

Question 20

A patient is unable to extend their knee after a sports injury. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps tendon

Bones, Bone Structure, and Joints: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions