Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?

$$126 = 2 \times (30 \text{ upper limb} + 33 \text{ lower limb})$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why the pectoral girdle allows for a greater range of motion than the pelvic girdle?

Accepted Answer

The scapulae do not join each other or the axial skeleton, and the glenoid cavity is shallow, allowing for increased flexibility.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus. Which of the following best describes the location of this injury?

Accepted Answer

It is the narrow region just distal to the head and tubercles of the humerus.

Question 3

Which bone of the forearm is located on the lateral side (thumb side) and articulates with the carpal bones at the wrist?

Accepted Answer

Radius

Question 4

During elbow flexion, which anatomical feature of the ulna fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus?

Accepted Answer

Coronoid process

Question 5

A gymnast lands hard on her heel, fracturing the largest tarsal bone. Which bone is most likely fractured?

Accepted Answer

Calcaneus

Question 6

Which of the following features is unique to the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?

Accepted Answer

A wider, more circular pelvic inlet and a broader pubic angle

Question 7

A football player suffers a direct blow to the lateral side of his knee, resulting in a fracture of the medial malleolus. Which bone is injured?

Accepted Answer

Tibia

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the clavicle in the pectoral girdle?

Accepted Answer

It transmits compression forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

Question 9

A patient is unable to extend her forearm at the elbow after a fall. Which anatomical feature is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Olecranon process of the ulna

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the bone with its anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Scaphoid – proximal row of carpal bones, lateral side

Question 11

A child falls and fractures the anatomical neck of the femur. Which of the following best describes the consequence of this injury?

Accepted Answer

It may disrupt blood supply to the femoral head, increasing risk of avascular necrosis.

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of phalanges in the human hand?

Accepted Answer

$$14 = 2 + (3 	imes 4)$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the pelvic girdle is more stable but less mobile than the pectoral girdle?

Accepted Answer

The acetabulum is a deep socket that firmly holds the femoral head, and the pelvic bones are strongly attached to the axial skeleton by ligaments.

Question 14

A runner complains of pain at the attachment site of the patellar ligament. Which anatomical feature is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Tibial tuberosity

Question 15

Which of the following bones does NOT contribute to the formation of the acetabulum?

Accepted Answer

Sacrum

Question 16

A patient with osteoporosis suffers a compression fracture of the vertebral column and also has a fracture of the ischial tuberosity. Which activity is most likely to be painful for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Sitting

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?

Accepted Answer

It connects the shafts of the two bones and provides additional surface area for muscle attachment.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

$$126 = 2 	imes (30 	ext{ upper limb} + 33 	ext{ lower limb})$$

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with a fracture of the lateral malleolus. Which bone is affected and what is the clinical significance of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Fibula; it stabilizes the lateral aspect of the ankle joint.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the carpal bones in the wrist?

Accepted Answer

There are two rows of four bones each, allowing for flexibility and movement of the wrist.

Bones Part 2: The Appendicular Skeleton – Structure, Function, and Variation

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