Q: A patient has a stroke volume ($SV$) of 70 mL and a heart rate ($HR$) of 80 beats per minute. What is their cardiac output ($CO$) in liters per minute?

$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600$ mL/min = 5.6$ L/min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Blood may leak backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of blood through the heart starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that triggers the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 5

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular filling primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Mid-late diastole

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly calculates cardiac output ($CO$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 7

A patient has a stroke volume ($SV$) of 70 mL and a heart rate ($HR$) of 80 beats per minute. What is their cardiac output ($CO$) in liters per minute?

Accepted Answer

$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600$ mL/min = 5.6$ L/min

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the role of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow cardiac muscle cells to function as a syncytium by facilitating rapid electrical communication.

Question 9

Which of the following is a positive chronotropic factor that increases heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 10

A patient presents with bradycardia. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate that is slower than normal

Question 11

Which of the following disorders is most likely to result from blocked coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle during systole?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction and ejection of blood into the arteries

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the importance of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It prevents tetanic contractions, ensuring the heart can relax and refill with blood.

Question 16

A patient with congestive heart failure is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary congestion due to fluid buildup in the lungs

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

$SV = EDV - ESV$

Question 18

If a patient has an end-diastolic volume ($EDV$) of 120 mL and an end-systolic volume ($ESV$) of 50 mL, what is their stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

$SV = 120 - 50 = 70$ mL

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely increase cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increased sympathetic stimulation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of positive inotropic agents on the heart?

Accepted Answer

They increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction.

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology: Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Heart

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards