Q: If a person’s heart rate is 80 beats per minute and their stroke volume is 75 mL, what is their cardiac output?

$$CO = HR \times SV = 80 \times 75 = 6000\,mL/min$$

Question 1

A patient’s ECG shows a prolonged PR interval greater than 200 ms. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the conducting pathway or AV node

Question 2

Which part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular depolarization and also masks atrial repolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS complex

Question 3

If a drug opens potassium channels in pacemaker cells, what is the expected effect on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate will decrease due to slower depolarization

Question 4

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

A patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 mL and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 50 mL. What is their stroke volume (SV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 120\,mL - 50\,mL = 70\,mL$$

Question 6

According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, what happens to stroke volume as EDV increases?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume increases

Question 7

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for the exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 8

Which layer of a blood vessel is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 9

A patient is given a beta-blocker. What effect will this drug have on cardiac contractility?

Accepted Answer

Decrease contractility

Question 10

Which of the following would increase afterload and thus decrease stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Arterial hypertension

Question 11

Which type of capillary is found in the choroid plexus and kidneys, and allows rapid exchange of water and larger solutes?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillary

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

It transports blood between the heart and lungs for gas exchange

Question 13

Which vessel type has the thickest tunica media and is responsible for distributing blood to skeletal muscles and internal organs?

Accepted Answer

Muscular arteries

Question 14

A sudden increase in body temperature is likely to have what effect on heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Increase heart rate

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptor reflexes in cardiac regulation?

Accepted Answer

Maintain balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation to regulate heart rate

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely increase venous return to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscular activity

Question 17

Which capillary type is characterized by gaps between endothelial cells and little to no basement membrane, allowing free exchange of water and large molecules?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillary

Question 18

If a person’s heart rate is 80 beats per minute and their stroke volume is 75 mL, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV = 80 	imes 75 = 6000\,mL/min$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased rate of depolarization in pacemaker cells

Question 20

Which of the following statements about arteries and veins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Arteries always carry blood away from the heart

Cardiac Physiology and Blood Vessel Anatomy: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards