Q: Calculate the cardiac output ($$CO) $$for a patient with a heart rate ($$HR) of 80 $$bpm and a stroke volume ($$SV) of 65 mL/$$beat. Use the formula $$CO = HR \times SV.$$

$$CO = 80 \times 0.065 = 5.2\ \text{L/min}$$

Q: Which equation correctly calculates mean arterial pressure ($$MAP) $$given a systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg?

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{120 - 80}{3} = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33\ \text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue and pallor. Laboratory tests reveal a hematocrit of 30%. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 4

Calculate the cardiac output ($$CO) $$for a patient with a heart rate ($$HR) of 80 $$bpm and a stroke volume ($$SV) of 65 mL/$$beat. Use the formula $$CO = HR 	imes SV.$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 0.065 = 5.2\ 	ext{L/min}$$

Question 5

Which vessel type has the highest blood volume and contains valves to prevent backflow?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Question 6

A patient with liver disease is at risk for abnormal bleeding. Which clotting factor deficiency is most likely, and what vitamin is required for its synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin; Vitamin K

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out at the arterial end; osmotic pressure pulls fluid in at the venous end.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Increased preload stretches cardiac muscle, resulting in increased contraction force and stroke volume.

Question 9

A patient with Rh-negative blood receives Rh-positive blood for the first time. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

No reaction initially, but anti-Rh antibodies will form and cause problems with future transfusions.

Question 10

Which lymphatic structure is responsible for absorbing dietary lipids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Filters blood, stores platelets, removes old RBCs

Question 12

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for killing virus-infected and tumor cells in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 13

A patient has sustained high blood pressure ($$BP). $$Which equation best represents the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output ($$CO$$), and peripheral resistance ($$PR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 14

Which of the following is the most important factor affecting peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Vessel diameter

Question 15

A patient with swollen lymph nodes and fever is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Lymphadenopathy

Question 16

Which equation correctly calculates mean arterial pressure ($$MAP) $$given a systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 80 + \frac{120 - 80}{3} = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of helper T cells (CD4+)?

Accepted Answer

Activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages

Question 18

A patient develops edema after lymph node removal. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Blocked lymphatic drainage leading to accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in plasma and provides long-term protection?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 20

A drug administered orally is metabolized by the liver before entering systemic circulation. Which vascular system is responsible for this 'first-pass' effect?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic portal system

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic/Immune Systems: Study Guide (Chapters 17–20)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards