$$EF = \frac{SV}{EDV} \times 100$$

$$AVR = (TV - dead\ space) \times RR$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain to adjust heart rate and vessel diameter.

Question 2

A patient presents with a heart rate of 45 beats per minute. Which term best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Question 3

Which structure prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

A patient with congestive heart failure is likely to have which of the following symptoms due to decreased cardiac reserve?

Accepted Answer

Exercise intolerance and fatigue

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why veins are called high capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They can stretch and hold a large volume of blood with little increase in pressure.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct formula for ejection fraction ($$EF$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$EF = \frac{SV}{EDV} 	imes 100$$

Question 8

During the cardiac cycle, which event occurs immediately after the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 9

Which of the following would most likely increase peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Decreased vessel diameter

Question 10

A patient is experiencing orthostatic hypotension. What is the most likely physiological explanation?

Accepted Answer

Failure of baroreceptors to quickly adjust blood pressure upon standing

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the stronger the contraction.

Question 12

Which hormone increases blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory mucociliary escalator?

Accepted Answer

It moves trapped particles and pathogens out of the airways toward the pharynx.

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly calculates alveolar ventilation rate ($$AVR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$AVR = (TV - dead\ space) 	imes RR$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Haldane effect?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated hemoglobin binds CO$$_2$$ more readily than oxygenated hemoglobin.

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

Increased hydrostatic pressure in capillaries

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The SA node initiates the heartbeat and sets the pace for cardiac rhythm.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and higher pressure than veins.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of chemoreceptors in breathing?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in CO$$_2$$, O$$_2$$, and pH levels in the blood and adjust respiratory rate.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Cardiovascular & Respiratory System: Exam 2 Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions