Q: A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL. What is their cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

$$CO = 80 \times 60 = 4800\ \text{mL/min}$$

Q: A patient’s blood pressure is measured at 130/85 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$MAP = 85 + \frac{1}{3}(130-85) = 85 + 15 = 100\ \text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs (edema) after suffering from severe malnutrition. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause of this edema?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure due to low plasma protein levels

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the effect of vasodilation on blood flow and blood pressure, according to Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation increases vessel radius, decreasing resistance and increasing flow

Question 3

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL. What is their cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 60 = 4800\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 4

During the cardiac cycle, when does isovolumic ventricular contraction occur?

Accepted Answer

When both the AV and semilunar valves are closed

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the refractory period in cardiac contractile cells is longer than in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

To prevent tetanus and ensure the heart can relax between contractions

Question 6

A patient’s blood pressure is measured at 130/85 mmHg. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = 85 + \frac{1}{3}(130-85) = 85 + 15 = 100\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Purkinje fibers

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased blood viscosity on blood flow, according to the relationship $$F = \frac{P}{R}$$ and Poiseuille’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Increased viscosity increases resistance and decreases flow

Question 9

A person inhales maximally after a normal exhalation. Which lung capacity does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory capacity ($$IC)$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decreases surface tension to keep alveoli open

Question 11

A patient with pulmonary edema has increased diffusion distance between alveoli and capillaries. What is the expected effect on gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Decreased diffusion rate and impaired oxygen uptake

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the baroreceptor reflex in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

It decreases heart rate and causes vasodilation in response to high blood pressure

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Pulse Pressure} = 	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between flow rate ($$Q) $$and velocity ($$v) of $$blood in a vessel?

Accepted Answer

Flow rate is the volume passing per unit time, while velocity is the speed of blood movement

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Opening calcium and sodium channels in the SA node to increase heart rate

Question 16

Which of the following is the main function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Creates osmotic pressure to maintain blood volume

Question 17

A patient has a tidal volume ($$TV) of 500 mL$$, a breathing rate of 12 breaths per minute, and a dead space of 150 mL. What is their alveolar ventilation per minute?

Accepted Answer

$$(500 - 150) 	imes 12 = 4200\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction, decreasing airflow

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for Boyle’s Law as it applies to the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of fenestrated capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They have larger clefts and are found in the kidneys and small intestine

Cardiovascular, Blood, and Respiratory Physiology: Mini-Textbook Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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