Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 2

During ventricular systole, which heart valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves are open; atrioventricular (AV) valves are closed

Question 3

Which of the following is another name for the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Epicardium

Question 4

If a patient has a blockage in the hepatic portal vein, which organ's blood flow is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace for the heart rate

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

The opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and vessel walls

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids the return of lymph to the heart?

Accepted Answer

High pressure in lymphatic vessels

Question 9

Which of the following is a component of MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Tonsils

Question 10

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of white blood cells through capillary walls into tissues

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of air flow from the external environment to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 13

What is the primary function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of mucus to trap dust and pathogens

Question 14

Which of the following best describes what happens to the cilia of smokers?

Accepted Answer

They become paralyzed and eventually destroyed, reducing the ability to clear mucus

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of vital capacity ($$VC$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$VC = TV + IRV + ERV$$

Question 16

A patient presents with a collapsed lung following a chest injury. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of antibodies

Question 19

Which of the following best describes complement fixation?

Accepted Answer

Activation of complement proteins that leads to cell lysis

Question 20

A patient with severe blood loss has a rapid heart rate and low blood pressure. Which physiological principle explains the increased heart rate?

Accepted Answer

The body compensates for decreased stroke volume by increasing heart rate to maintain cardiac output

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Respiratory Systems: Study Guide (Chapters 11-13)

Study Guide - Practice Questions