Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To transport materials such as nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body

Question 2

Blood flows through the cardiovascular system because:

Accepted Answer

Liquids move from high to low pressure regions

Question 3

According to Poiseuille’s Law, which change will most dramatically increase blood flow through a vessel?

Accepted Answer

Doubling the radius of the vessel

Question 4

Which formula correctly relates velocity of blood flow ($$v$$), flow rate ($$Q$$), and cross-sectional area ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$v = Q / A$$

Question 5

Which structure receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 6

What is the main function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

To prevent eversion of atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are connected by intercalated disks containing gap junctions

Question 8

During the cardiac cycle, what event immediately follows the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 9

Stroke volume ($$SV) is $$defined as:

Accepted Answer

The volume of blood pumped per contraction

Question 10

Which equation correctly calculates stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 11

Mean arterial pressure ($$MAP) is $$primarily determined by which two factors?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the refractory period in cardiac muscle prevents tetanus?

Accepted Answer

It ensures the heart muscle relaxes before the next contraction

Question 13

A patient’s blood pressure increases due to vasoconstriction. According to Poiseuille’s Law, which variable is most directly responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Decreased vessel radius

Question 14

Which phase of the cardiac contractile cell action potential is responsible for the plateau and sustained refractory period?

Accepted Answer

Phase 2: Plateau

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The SA node initiates the electrical signal that coordinates contraction

Question 16

If the cross-sectional area ($$A) of a $$blood vessel increases while the flow rate ($$Q) $$remains constant, what happens to the velocity ($$v) of $$blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Velocity decreases

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of oxygenated blood through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result in an increased end-diastolic volume (EDV)?

Accepted Answer

Increased venous return

Question 19

A drug that increases calcium storage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cells would most likely have which effect?

Accepted Answer

Increase contractility

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased blood viscosity on vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

Resistance increases

Cardiovascular Physiology: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

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