$$CO = HR \times SV = 80 \times 70 = 5600\ \text{mL/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardium surrounding the heart?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the heart, reduces friction, and prevents overfilling.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the pulmonary artery. Which of the following best describes the immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated blood cannot reach the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 3

Which equation correctly relates stroke volume (SV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and end-systolic volume (ESV)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

AV valves are closed; SL valves are open.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart?

Accepted Answer

The more the heart muscle is stretched during filling, the stronger the subsequent contraction.

Question 6

A patient has a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV = 80 	imes 70 = 5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a major difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle relies on extracellular calcium influx for contraction, while skeletal muscle does not.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

They regulate blood flow to capillaries by changing their diameter.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood pressure and initiate reflexes to maintain homeostasis.

Question 11

A drop of blood travels from the right atrium to the left atrium. Which sequence correctly traces its path?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium

Question 12

Which of the following is a positive inotrope?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal circulation?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about capillary exchange is correct?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the primary mechanism for gas exchange in capillaries.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for net filtration pressure (NFP) at a capillary?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the SA node?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace for the heart.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 18

Which of the following is a major factor affecting peripheral resistance in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel diameter

Question 19

A patient has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV of 50 mL. What is their ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

$$EF = \frac{SV}{EDV} 	imes 100 = \frac{120 - 50}{120} 	imes 100 = 58.3\%$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between pulmonary and systemic arteries?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood; systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood.

Cardiovascular System & Blood Vessels Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

Study Guide - Practice Questions