Question 1

A patient presents with fatigue, irritability, and light-headedness. Her CBC shows a hematocrit of 32%, hemoglobin of 10 g/dL, and MCV of 74 fL. Ferritin is low. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of hemoglobin (Hb)?

Accepted Answer

Each subunit contains a molecule of heme with an iron ion ($$Fe^{2+}) at $$the center

Question 4

A person with blood type AB negative ($$AB^-) $$can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type AB negative ($$AB^-)$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about lymphatic capillaries is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

They have anchoring filaments that connect to surrounding connective tissue

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of the spleen's white pulp?

Accepted Answer

Immune response involving T and B lymphocytes

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why Rh-negative mothers are at risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Rh-negative mothers can develop anti-D antibodies after exposure to Rh-positive fetal blood

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence for lymph flow through a lymph node?

Accepted Answer

Afferent vessel → cortex → paracortex → medulla → efferent vessel

Question 9

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of lymphatic vessels compared to veins?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic vessels have valves to prevent backflow

Question 10

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) develops pitting edema. What is the physiological basis for pitting edema in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Fluid accumulation due to valve dysfunction in veins

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a cortex with stem cells and a medulla with mature T cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Form a platelet plug at sites of vessel injury

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They provide long-term protection by responding rapidly to subsequent exposures

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of lymphatic nodules?

Accepted Answer

They contain a germinal center with lymphocytes

Question 15

Which equation correctly calculates hematocrit ($$Hct) as a $$percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$Hct = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the lack of mitochondria in mature erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes rely on anaerobic glycolysis for ATP production

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the thoracic duct?

Accepted Answer

It collects lymph from the left side of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Antibody-mediated immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells attacking pathogens

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the red pulp of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Destruction and removal of old erythrocytes

Cardiovascular System, Blood, and Lymphatic System: Structure, Function, and Development

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