Q: Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration as shown in the study materials?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cellular respiration as shown in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 2

A patient with chronic liver disease is likely to have decreased levels of which plasma protein, leading to increased free drug levels and a tendency for edema?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure and preventing excessive water loss into tissues?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

During the process of blood clotting, which protein is cleaved by thrombin to form a mesh that stops bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the cardiovascular system as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 6

A patient presents with swelling in the legs (edema), jaundice, and a tendency for easy bruising and nosebleeds. Which plasma protein deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 7

Which plasma protein subtype is involved in the immune response and includes antibodies such as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE?

Accepted Answer

Gamma-globulin

Question 8

If a drug binds strongly to albumin in the plasma, what effect does chronic liver disease have on the bioavailability of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Increases free drug levels due to decreased albumin

Question 9

Which of the following statements about plasma composition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is approximately 90-92% water, 7-9% proteins, and 1% solutes.

Question 10

Which plasma protein is most abundant and produced by the liver, and is essential for transporting substances such as fatty acids, calcium, hormones, and drugs?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 11

A patient with decreased fibrinogen levels would most likely experience which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Increased tendency to bleed

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of serum?

Accepted Answer

Serum is plasma without clotting factors such as fibrinogen.

Question 13

Which of the following solutes is NOT typically found in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 14

Which plasma protein subtype is responsible for transporting hormones, iron, and lipids, and is produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-globulin

Question 15

A patient is given a drug that is 98% bound to albumin. If the patient develops cirrhosis, what is the expected change in the free (active) drug concentration?

Accepted Answer

It will increase due to decreased albumin levels.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of gamma-globulins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Defense against pathogens

Question 17

Which of the following ions is most abundant in plasma and crucial for maintaining osmotic balance?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 18

Which plasma protein is most likely to be decreased in a patient with hepatitis, leading to swelling in the abdomen (ascites)?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct consequence of decreased plasma albumin in chronic liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oncotic pressure and increased edema

Question 20

Which plasma protein is essential for forming the fibrin mesh during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

P: Cardiovascular System 1

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