Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

Accepted Answer

Elastic arteries have a larger proportion of elastic fibers in the tunica media, allowing them to stretch and recoil with each heartbeat.

Question 2

A patient with blood type B+ can safely receive blood from which of the following donors?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 3

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Femoral artery

Question 4

During a sheep heart dissection, you observe the thickest layer of the heart wall. What is the primary tissue type found in this layer?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves, but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Valves in veins prevent backflow of blood due to lower pressure and gravity, especially in the limbs.

Question 6

A patient is found to have a blockage in the popliteal artery. Which of the following areas is most likely to have reduced blood flow as a result?

Accepted Answer

Lower leg and foot

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the heart, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between blood pressure, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 9

A person with type AB- blood needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types is a safe match?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the endothelium in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier and regulates exchange between blood and tissues.

Question 11

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 150/95 mmHg. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 12

Which of the following statements about capillaries is correct?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelial cells to facilitate exchange.

Question 13

A patient with a genetic deficiency in the production of granulocytes would most likely have problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fighting bacterial infections

Question 14

Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen?

Accepted Answer

Celiac trunk

Question 15

If a person has anti-A antibodies and B antigens on their red blood cells, what is their blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type B

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricular wall is thicker than the right ventricular wall?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pathway of electrical signals through the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 18

A patient is found to have a clot in the external iliac artery. Which of the following areas would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Lower limb

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why arteries are more likely than veins to have a prominent internal and external elastic lamina?

Accepted Answer

Arteries must withstand and absorb the pressure fluctuations from the heart's contractions.

Cardiovascular System: Blood, Heart, and Vessels – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions