$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of RBCs}}{\text{Total Blood Volume}} \times 100\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It prevents water from diffusing out of blood vessels.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia vera

Question 3

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack organelles and nuclei, allowing more room for hemoglobin.

Question 4

Which protein in plasma is primarily responsible for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 5

A person living at high altitude develops higher hemoglobin concentrations. This adaptation is most similar to which population?

Accepted Answer

Andean

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Question 7

Which leukocyte is most abundant and acts as the first line of defense during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

Which cell type transforms into macrophages and is the largest of the leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Monocyte

Question 9

A patient with sickle cell disease has erythrocytes that distort into a sickle shape. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Defective hemoglobin molecule

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding hematopoiesis in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is located in the axial skeleton, girdles, and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of RBCs}}{	ext{Total Blood Volume}} 	imes 100\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytize allergens and destroy invading parasites

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes do not consume the oxygen they carry?

Accepted Answer

They lack mitochondria and therefore do not perform aerobic respiration.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the buffy coat in a centrifuged blood sample?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of leukocytes and platelets.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the differentiation of blood cells from stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemopoietic blood stem cell → Myeloid stem cell → Erythrocyte

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a deficiency in fibrinogen?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to form blood clots

Question 17

Which of the following statements about leukocytes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are more numerous than erythrocytes.

Question 18

A patient with leukemia is most likely to benefit from which of the following treatments?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic cell transplant from peripheral blood stem cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They signal for vasoconstriction and help initiate clotting.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the evolutionary adaptation of Tibetan populations to high altitude?

Accepted Answer

They have lower hemoglobin concentrations but higher ventilation rates and muscle capillary density.

Cardiovascular System: Blood – Structure, Function, and Hematopoiesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions