Q: A patient has a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL/beat and a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

$$CO = 70 \times 80 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which physical law best describes the relationship between blood flow, pressure gradient, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Poiseuille's Law: $$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 2

A patient has a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 100 mm Hg, a cardiac output (CO) of 5 L/min, and a total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 20 mm Hg·min/L. Which equation correctly relates these variables?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 3

If the radius of an arteriole decreases by half, what happens to the resistance to blood flow, assuming all other factors remain constant?

Accepted Answer

Resistance increases by a factor of 16

Question 4

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for regulating total peripheral resistance (TPR) in the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 5

During vigorous exercise, which local metabolic change is most likely to cause vasodilation in skeletal muscle arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Increase in carbon dioxide concentration

Question 6

Which of the following statements about arteries is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Arteries act as a pressure reservoir due to their thick, elastic walls.

Question 7

A patient with polycythemia (increased red blood cell count) will most likely experience which change in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity and decreased flow

Question 8

Which pressure gradient favors filtration across the capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

If a person stands up quickly, which immediate cardiovascular response helps maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Activation of arterial baroreceptors leading to increased sympathetic output

Question 10

Which vessel contains the largest proportion of blood volume in the body?

Accepted Answer

Systemic veins and venules

Question 11

Which formula correctly calculates cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility of ventricular myocardium

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely result in increased venous return?

Accepted Answer

Increased venomotor tone

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity

Question 15

A patient has a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL/beat and a heart rate (HR) of 80 beats/min. What is their cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 70 	imes 80 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They sense stretching of vessel walls due to pressure changes.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely cause vasoconstriction in arterioles?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic activity

Question 18

Which of the following statements about capillaries is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries have the greatest total cross-sectional area.

Question 19

Which hormone is primarily involved in long-term regulation of blood volume and pressure?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin

Question 20

A patient has a total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 18 mm Hg·min/L, a heart rate (HR) of 75 beats/min, and a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL/beat. What is their mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = HR 	imes SV 	imes TPR = 75 	imes 70 	imes 18 = 94,500 mm Hg$

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards