Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the right ventricle in the heart's circulation?

Accepted Answer

It pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circuit.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the left coronary artery. Which area of the heart is most likely to be affected by this blockage?

Accepted Answer

Interventricular septum and anterior ventricular walls

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the pericardium is correct?

Accepted Answer

The fibrous pericardium prevents the heart from overfilling.

Question 4

During ventricular contraction, which heart valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with valvular stenosis. What is the most likely physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

The heart needs to exert more force to pump blood through the stiff valve.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why tetanic contractions cannot occur in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle fibers have a longer absolute refractory period, almost as long as the contraction itself.

Question 7

Which structure anchors the cusps of the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles?

Accepted Answer

Chordae tendineae

Question 8

A patient experiences chest pain due to a temporary deficiency in blood delivery to the myocardium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle cells is true?

Accepted Answer

They contain numerous large mitochondria, making up 25-35% of cell volume.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the pathway of blood through the left side of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle contraction can be initiated by pacemaker cells without nervous system stimulation.

Question 12

A patient has a myocardial infarction that damages the interventricular septum. Which coronary artery is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Anterior interventricular artery (branch of left coronary artery)

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood with greater pressure to the systemic circuit.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the coronary circulation?

Accepted Answer

Coronary veins collect blood from the heart muscle and empty into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions to pass from cell to cell, enabling the heart to function as a syncytium.

Question 16

A patient has an incompetent mitral valve. What is the most likely effect on blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Blood will backflow into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between cardiac output ($$CO$$), heart rate ($$HR$$), and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the heart cannot function without oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration due to its high mitochondrial content.

Question 19

A patient has a blockage in the coronary sinus. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired venous return from the myocardium to the right atrium

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the cardiac skeleton?

Accepted Answer

It anchors cardiac muscle fibers and supports great vessels and valves.

Ch.18 pt.1: Cardiovascular System: Heart Anatomy and Circulation

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