$$\text{MAP} = \text{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{Systolic Pressure} - \text{Diastolic Pressure})$$

$$\text{MAP} = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33$$ mmHg

$$\text{CO} = \text{SV} \times \text{HR}$$

$$\text{CO} = 70 \times 60 = 4200 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the volume of blood returned to the heart, the more forceful the contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with symptoms of shortness of breath and swelling in the legs. Which physiological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Venous return to the heart

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{Diastolic Pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure})$$

Question 4

If a patient’s blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg, what is their approximate mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(120 - 80) = 80 + \frac{1}{3}(40) = 80 + 13.33 = 93.33$$ mmHg

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure.

Question 6

A decrease in venous return will most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased cardiac output

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct consequence of stenosis in a heart valve?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood flow and increased pressure in the chamber before the valve

Question 8

Which formula best represents the relationship between cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO} = 	ext{SV} 	imes 	ext{HR}$$

Question 9

A patient with a heart rate of 70 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL/beat has what cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO} = 70 	imes 60 = 4200 mL/$$min

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility

Question 11

Which scenario would most likely lead to an increase in afterload?

Accepted Answer

Aortic valve stenosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Edema in the lower extremities

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely result from a blockage in the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{EF} = \frac{	ext{Stroke Volume}}{	ext{End-Diastolic Volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

A patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 120 mL and a stroke volume (SV) of 70 mL. What is their ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{EF} = \frac{70}{120} 	imes 100 = 58.33\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to occur if the heart’s electrical conduction system is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Arrhythmia

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the valves in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent backflow of blood.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result from a failure of the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Systemic edema

Cardiovascular System: Heart Function, Blood Pressure, and Related Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions